Влияние обработки семян сосны обыкновенной микробными и фитопрепаратами на сохранность сеянцев и свойства почвы в лесном питомнике : научное издание

Abstract

Исследования проводили на территории опытного питомника экспериментально-опытного хозяйства “Погорельский бор” Института леса им. В.Н. Сукачева СО РАН. В модельных полевых экспериментах изучали влияние предпосевной обработки семян сосны обыкновенной (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) водными суспензиями аборигенных микроорганизмов, обладающих антагонистической активностью к фитопатогенам, и фитопрепаратами, полученными из растительного сырья, на микробную биомассу, ферментативную активность почвы и сохранность сеянцев хвойных. Обработку семян сосны проводили штаммами микромицетов <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>, <i>T. lignorum</i>, их смесью; бактериями <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, смесью бактерий (<i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B.</i> <i>subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.) и фитопрепаратами (пять вариантов). Показано, что предпосевная обработка семян сосны способствовала улучшению их всхожести, сохранности сеянцев к концу сезона вегетации, морфометрических параметров сеянцев по сравнению с контролем в среднем на 25%. Интродуцированные с семенами популяции бактерий и микромицетов повышали продуктивность, содержание микробной биомассы и ферментативную активность почвы лесного питомника в 1.3–2.0 раза. Установлено, что в контрольной почве на протяжении всего периода вегетации преобладала олиготрофная группа микроорганизмов, а при обработке семян сосны (микроорганизмы и фитопрепараты) уже через два месяца после посева семян доминировала гидролитико-копиотрофная группа. Внесение микробов-антагонистов (<i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>, Смесь бактерий) и фитопрепаратов также благоприятно влияло на функционирование почвенного микробного сообщества, что проиллюстрировано уменьшением значений микробного метаболического коэффициента в среднем почти в 2 раза по сравнению с контролем. Результаты исследования можно рекомендовать для использования в практике лесного хозяйства при выращивании сеянцев хвойных. The studies were carried out on the experimental farm “Pogorelsky bor” of the Sukachеv Institute of Forest, SB RAS. The effect of pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) by aqueous suspensions of indigenous microorganisms with antagonistic activity towards phytopathogens and phytopreparations obtained from plant materials on soil biogenicity (microbial biomass and enzymatic activity) and safety of coniferous seedlings was studied in model field experiments. Strains of micromycetes <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>, <i>Trichoderma lignorum</i> and their mixture (<i>T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. lignorum</i>); Bacteria <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, their mixture (<i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.), five phytopreparations were variants of Scots pine seed treatments. It was shown that the pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds contributed to the improvement of their germination, preservation of seedlings by the end of the vegetation season, and improved morphometric parameters of the seedlings compared with the control by 24.5% on the average. The bacteria and micromycetes introduced with the seeds increased the productivity and biogenicity of the forest nursery soil by 1.3–2.0 times. It was established that the oligotrophic group of microorganisms prevailed in the control soil throughout the vegetation season, while the hydrolytic-copyotrophic group of microorganisms prevailed after the treatment of Scots pine seeds with microorganisms and phytopreparations two months after sowing seeds. The introduction of antagonist microbes (<i>B.amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>, and a mixture of bacteria) and phytopreparations also favorably affected the restoration of the ecophysiological norm of functioning of the soil microbial community (returning the value of the microbial metabolic coefficient to the background ones). A 2-fold decrease in the values of the microbial metabolic coefficient (<i>q</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) was observed in the soil of the studied areas. The obtained results can be recommended for using in forestry practice when growing coniferous seedlings.

The studies were carried out on the experimental farm “Pogorelsky bor” of the Sukachеv Institute of Forest, SB RAS. The effect of pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) by aqueous suspensions of indigenous microorganisms with antagonistic activity towards phytopathogens and phytopreparations obtained from plant materials on soil biogenicity (microbial biomass and enzymatic activity) and safety of coniferous seedlings was studied in model field experiments. Strains of micromycetes <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>, <i>Trichoderma lignorum</i> and their mixture (<i>T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. lignorum</i>); Bacteria <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, their mixture (<i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp.), five phytopreparations were variants of Scots pine seed treatments. It was shown that the pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds contributed to the improvement of their germination, preservation of seedlings by the end of the vegetation season, and improved morphometric parameters of the seedlings compared with the control by 24.5% on the average. The bacteria and micromycetes introduced with the seeds increased the productivity and biogenicity of the forest nursery soil by 1.3–2.0 times. It was established that the oligotrophic group of microorganisms prevailed in the control soil throughout the vegetation season, while the hydrolytic-copyotrophic group of microorganisms prevailed after the treatment of Scots pine seeds with microorganisms and phytopreparations two months after sowing seeds. The introduction of antagonist microbes (<i>B.amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>, and a mixture of bacteria) and phytopreparations also favorably affected the restoration of the ecophysiological norm of functioning of the soil microbial community (returning the value of the microbial metabolic coefficient to the background ones). A 2-fold decrease in the values of the microbial metabolic coefficient (<i>q</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) was observed in the soil of the studied areas. The obtained results can be recommended for using in forestry practice when growing coniferous seedlings.