PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF LANDSCAPE AND URBAN RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SPATIAL PLANNING STRUCTURE IN DESTRUCTIVE CITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF G. BAGDAG AND MOSUL)

Abstract

The history knows a large number of cases when injured cities or cities completely destroyed by the fighting actions received a new life and a new layout. Those cities are also present in the countries of the former USSR. A striking example is Volgograd, whose center was bombed by the enemy during the offensive. In this paper, we will talk about the basic principles ofreconstructing survivors after hostilities. The main examples in the work is Baghdad (with the population of 8.5 million people) and Mosul (with the population of 2 and a half million people). These cities have suffered significant losses and destruction during military operations in Iraq since 2003. This territory contains a significant number of ancient monuments of the civilization. The legendary city of Babylon and the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are located here. Baghdad itself has over 1200 years of history. Today, Baghdad is the official and actual capital of Iraq. The city of Mosul has a much earlier history. According to the excavations, people have been living on its territory for over 8000 years, and the foundation of the city itself is dated to the 7th century BC. e. If today Baghdad implements a number of town-planning projects to organize new territories and to restore the destroyed parts of the city after the fighting, the city of Mosul had been in occupation by the terrorist organization "Islamic State" for three years and now it is in decline. The analysis of the dynamics of the transformation in the urban fabric of Baghdad and Mosul has a number of historical and methodological features related to specific socio-economic, cultural, historical and landscape-urban conditions that ensure their sustainable development in the future.