A variety of designs construction and mounting

Abstract

Abstract in the article the main types of building structures are considered, which are distin-guished by the type of material. For the purpose of studying, each type has brief information including its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with others. In the section reinforced concrete struc-tures, the authors characterize this material from three sides - this is the method of manufacture, the type of concrete and its stressed state. As a result, it was found that when choosing a foundation, spe-cial attention is paid to: bearing capacity, type of building being built, soil characteristics. In addition to the above, it can be added that weight reduction, cost reduction and material consumption in rein-forced concrete structures are possible through the use of high-strength concrete and reinforcement. Metal structures are the most popular building material. The possibilities of this material are very di-verse: building designs, designs specifically for certain seismic and climatic conditions, and high deco-rative properties. Due to its strength and rigidity, buildings can withstand hurricane gusts of wind and earthquakes. In the manufacture of structures in the factory and during installation, steel is subjected to various technological operations: welding, cutting, machining. It was found that in this case the steel does not collapse, it retains the microstructure and mechanical properties. Finally, steel should not have a significant cost of manufacturing structures from it. Turning to the section of wooden structures, the authors list the main advantages - it is comfortable and environmentally friendly and material. When operating wooden buildings, the conditions for saving energy are observed. Variants of wooden construction houses for the Arctic have been developed. The aim of the study was to apply light materials in the design of buildings. These are glued wood constructions that have good thermal and mechanical properties. Stone and reinforced stone structures that have not lost their significance and are used in all climatic regions. These designs are not perfect enough for buildings and structures subject to dynamic effects. As a result of reinforcing with steel wire and mesh, these structures allow us to expand the scope of stone and reinforced stone materials in construction. The authors of this arti-cle are considering new lightweight combined plastic products. The main advantages of plastics in-clude: reducing the weight and complexity of manufacturing building structures; increased industriali-zation of construction production and increased labor productivity; reduction of construction time; re-duction of consumption of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, cement and wood. Hence, all these proper-ties are used in the manufacture of fiberglass, and are also the basis for adhesives, varnishes, putties. Conclusion: reducing the mass of the structure based on the widespread use of lightweight effective materials and improving design solutions. Successful use of modern achievements for the further tech-nical development of construction.