The Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori: the Paradigm of an Oncogenic Virulence Factor
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https://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/32143https://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/69786
Автор:
Tohidpour, Abolghasem
Alfiia I. Iunusova
Irina S. Litvinova
Polina A. Karpenok
Коллективный автор:
Институт фундаментальной биологии и биотехнологии
Кафедра биофизики
Дата:
2017-04Журнал:
SibFu Journal of BiologyБиблиографическое описание:
Tohidpour, Abolghasem. The Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori: the Paradigm of an Oncogenic Virulence Factor [Текст] / Abolghasem Tohidpour, Alfiia I. Iunusova, Irina S. Litvinova, Polina A. Karpenok // SibFu Journal of Biology. — 2017. — С. 11-22Аннотация:
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, spiral-shaped and gram-negative microorganism that
produces various virulence factors such as CagA, VacA, urease, and host cells adhesins, which
in a synchronous concert, allow H. pylori to colonize and infect the host gastric epithelium.
H. pylori infection is associated with some severe side effects in human, such as gastritis, peptic
ulcer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. CagA is the most notorious virulence factor
of H. pylori. It is known as the first bacterial oncoprotein. The gene encoding CagA is localized
on the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), a 40kbp DNA segment which also carries genes for the
type four secretion system (T4SS) of H. pylori. The interaction of CagA with intracellular partner
proteins leads to some irreversible alteration of host cells by increasing cell size, elevating motility,
phenomena known as the “hummingbird phenotype”. CagA also disrupts the epithelium apical
junctions and thereby destroys the normal epithelial architecture. A tyrosine phosphorylation
site, named EPIYA motif, helps CagA to bind to cytosolic proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent
manner. CagA is also interacts with host proteins in a phosphorylation-independent fashion, which
altogether will assist to develop adenocarcinoma in infected cells. This review summarizes the core
data on the structure and function of CagA and its role in conferring the main pathophysiologic effects of H. pylori infection as well as suggesting a therapeutic option for treatment of H. pylori infection based on CagA virulence.