Intensive electrocaloric effect in the multilayer capacitor under equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermal conditions

Abstract

Precise direct measurements of the intensive electrocaloric effect (ECE) in commercial multilayer capacitor based on doped BaTiO3 were performed using an adiabatic calorimeter. High reversibility of ECE studied under equilibrium thermal conditions was observed. The nonequilibrium thermal conditions caused by fixing the temperature of one of the ends of the linear EC element lead to the predominance of ECE when the electric field is turned off. The heat flow through the EC element appearing under the influence of a periodic electric field and depending on its frequency makes it possible to create a cooling cycle without thermal keys.